The article outlines a deficit in Holocaust education: The motives of the perpetrators and bystanders are often not dealt with. In order to explore these motives, interviews with former Nazis were conducted and evaluated in the "Geschichte und Erinnerung" (History and Memory) research project; two of the findings are presented here. Subsequently the question of how these findings can be applied in school teaching about National Socialism and the Holocaust is discussed. The author recommends teachers not to expose students to whole narrations of former Nazis, but to use brief excerpts from those narrations in order to develop an analysis of the Nazis' motives. Ultimately, teaching about the topic of National Socialism and the Holocaust should be integrated with students' own narrations, with their knowledge of the topic based on family stories, family secrets, and other sources.