The purpose of this chapter is to synthesize the results of the studies presented in this monograph and to discuss the implications of those results. The chapter is divided into four sections. In the first section state level assessment as a reform mechanism for high school physical education is discussed in terms of the South Carolina experience. A second section discusses the implications of the identified relationships among the performance indicators and factors related to school performance. In a third section issues related to the appropriateness of the measures, materials, and the design of the assessment program are explored. The chapter concludes with comments on the generalizability of both the process that was used to establish the assessment program and the results of the first data collection.