Relying on standardized tests to measure performance and determine accountability obscures the fact that only reciprocal rights and responsibilities can create authentic accountability. A student has the right to expect a teacher will begin on time with a well-prepared lesson, the necessary materials, and the skill to conduct a class. A teacher, in turn, can expect that a student will do homework, bring personal supplies to class, want to learn, and participate attentively. The right of the one is the responsibility of the other. Unfortunately, many American students and teachers cannot assume that these expectations will be met, and, without the accountability they foster, students' results on important tests will likely be deficient. The intent of this article is to think about the ways small schools succeed by holding people accountable through methods other than testing. It also provides some examples of how being small can help promote accountability in schools throughout the United States.