Studying the history of science helps students develop a sense of science (and mathematics) as a dynamic, human enterprise, and also provides a better understanding of the role that science has played in the development of various cultures. It also shows students how difficult it was for scientific innovations to break through the accepted ideas of their time to reach the conclusions one currently takes for granted. By coming to appreciate the immense contributions of Arab-Islamic scientists and scholars, students develop a deeper understanding of the foundations of modern science. This article highlights the many Arabic-Islamic scientific contributions to modern science and the need to study the achievements of other cultures in general. Because modern views of the origins of Western science often is taught divorced from this history, a serious study of this period is essential, appropriate, and rewarding for science teachers.