Longitudinal data on the cognitive and physical outcomes of children adopted from Eastern Europe by American families is limited. While there is clear evidence that many children adopted from Eastern European countries are more at risk for medical concerns and developmental delay, research that follows these children into their elementary school experience is lacking. This article presents the findings of a study focusing on the educational outcomes of children adopted from Eastern Europe. The children selected for the study were between the ages of 8 and 12 and were adopted from the following Eastern European countries: Russia, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Lithuania, Moldova, Latvia, and Belarus.