More than two decades ago, a well-known study pointed out that despite the marked increase in images of women in secondary history textbooks, the narrative emphasis on political, diplomatic, and military history had not changed. While this study raised awareness of gender balance in the social studies curriculum, little attention has been paid to "how" women are represented, as opposed to "how many" are represented. Few, if any, articles on gender in the social studies curriculum have focused on teaching students to critically examine images of women and girls in textbooks, primary sources, and other resources. Young people are bombarded with media images at every turn; therefore, it is important to teach them to consider how women and girls are visually represented. In this article the author introduces ideas in working with images to raise students' awareness of women in history through activities that focus on gender and representation. These are offered as a starting point for a much richer social studies curriculum, in which representations of women are considered, examined, and then critiqued. (Contains 5 figures and 9 notes.)