Context and Purpose: This study investigates associations between the proportion of farm families in rural counties and the health of rural individuals, independent of county poverty rate and individual and family socioeconomic factors. This study also examines relationships of these socioeconomic factors and prevalence of specific diseases. Methods: Multilevel analysis of 10,485 responses to a mailed health survey in 27 nonmetropolitan Minnesota counties. Findings: Individual- and family-level variables such as age, gender, lower income, and unemployment were significantly associated with adverse physical health. The percentage of farm families in counties was significantly associated with adverse physical health of adults, independent of individual and family characteristics, county poverty rate, ethnic composition, and population density.