Individual educational plans (IEPs) are considered to be more effective when designed and implemented by a multidisciplinary team. This paper deals with the IEP as a collaborative tool for the education of pupils with profound and multiple learning difficulties (PMLD). Ten pupils with PMLD and the people working around them (e.g. teacher, speech and language therapist (SLT), physiotherapist, parents) were chosen as case studies. The design and implementation of IEPs were examined through IEP document analysis; semi-structured interviews with teachers, parents and other professionals; observations at the Annual Review Meetings (ARMs); and follow-up questionnaires to parents after the ARM. The study concludes that IEPs are not used as a tool for collaboration between teachers, parents and other professionals and this is attributed to the nature of the IEP itself. Collaborative changes are needed if IEPs are to be designed and implemented successfully. These changes include the introduction of broad goals, which could be shared between all those working around the child, together with less-frequent but better-quality evaluations of IEPs. (Contains 1 figure.)