Recognizing barriers to academic success and full student development, some of which are medical in nature, is a primary task of school psychologists. Expanding biomedical information compels school-based psychologists to collaborate with medical professionals when their input can clarify diagnostic issues and expand treatment choices. This article specifies five indications, or red flags, that typically warrant a medical consultation: (a) paroxysmal changes in consciousness, (b) acute changes in functioning, (c) progressive loss of previously mastered developmental milestones or skills, (d) behavioral or attention problems with possible organic bases, and (e) the presence of physical stigmata or dysmorphic features. The article reviews the rationale for seeking medical consultations and suggests with whom school psychologists might consult. In addition, several questions are posed whose answers could inform practice.