The data defined in this article encompasses a range of topics, including data definitions, data management systems, infrastructure (both local and statewide), and the actual use of data to make decisions on either the administrative or instructional side. This emphasis on data has grown as technology has made the access and use of data easier. But what has really driven the use of data in education has been its impact. High-performing schools are analyzing data from assessments and student information systems to adjust curriculum, instruction, classroom management, as well as other factors in the teaching and learning process. Members in state departments of education are analyzing data as well in an attempt to find and publicize schools and districts that are doing well so others can learn from them. States also are able to provide better information to policy decision-makers such as state boards of education, legislators and governors so that they can make more informed decisions and ask better questions of educators.