The author describes internal working models as unique, individualized conceptualizations of self that are embedded in and influenced by the surrounding sociocultural environment. These models, composed of beliefs, goals, and strategies, provide a framework that defines identity. Distorted, damaged, or self-defeating internal working models fail to provide stability and coherence and may lead to physical and emotional pain in the individual. Healthy psychosocial development requires an internal working model that includes accurate beliefs about self, others, and the world; meaningful goals; and effective strategies to accomplish those goals.