The modern civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s radically transformed practice and research in applied psychology, at least in terms of its understanding of race and racism. Rapid changes in psychology generally and in counseling psychology specifically occurred on the coattails of the Black, Brown, and women power activities during the volatile years of the late 1960s and early 1970s (Carter, 2005; Heppner, Casas, Carter, & Stone, 2000). During this time we witnessed the formation of organizations to attend to the professional concerns of racial and ethnic minority psychologists (e.g., the Association of Black Psychologists, Asian American Psychological Association, Association of Psychologists Por La Raza, Division 45 of the American Psychological Association, now known as the Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues, etc.), the establishment of internal structures in the American Psychology Association to confront issues of race and racism within the organization and the profession (e.g., Committee on Ethnic Minority Affairs), and the creation of journals designed to publish psychological research related to the experiences of racial minorities (e.g., "Journal of Black Psychology" and "Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development" [formerly known as the "Journal of Non-White Concerns"]).