This study examined how family structure affected children's delinquency and math test scores, parenting practices as a mediator, and racial differences in these effects. Findings indicated that single parenthood related to reduced well-being among European American children, but not African American children. Cohabitation related to greater delinquency among African American children, and lower math scores among European American children. Parenting did not mediate links between family structure and children's outcomes. (Author/KB)