Discusses research on the role of individual differences in emotionality and regulation in empathy-related responding (sympathy and personal distress). Links sympathy to intense emotionality and high regulation. Empathy-related responding is better predicted by a combination of emotionality and regulation than by either separately. Examples are given of interventions designed to promote empathy, sympathy, and prosocial behavior where emotionality and regulation are targeted. (Author/JDM)