The Cross-Lingual Dimensions of Language Proficiency: Implications for Bilingual Education and the Optimal Age Issue.

Cummins, Jim

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Peer reviewed

ERIC Number: EJ228040

Record Type: CIJE

Publication Date: 1980-Jun

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ISSN: ISSN-0039-8322

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The Cross-Lingual Dimensions of Language Proficiency: Implications for Bilingual Education and the Optimal Age Issue.

Cummins, Jim

TESOL Quarterly, v14 n2 p175-87 Jun 1980

It is argued that cognitive/academic language proficiencies in first and second languages are interdependent and empirically distinguishable from interpersonal communication skills. This analysis is applied to the interpretation of data on the effects of bilingual education programs and on the age issue in second language learning. (PMJ)

Descriptors: Age, Bilingual Education, Cognitive Processes, Communication Skills, Interpersonal Competence, Language of Instruction, Language Processing, Language Proficiency, Learning Readiness, Program Effectiveness, Psycholinguistics, Second Language Learning

Publication Type: Journal Articles; Opinion Papers

Education Level: N/A

Audience: N/A

Language: English

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