Bullying victimization, which adversely affects the physical and mental health of adolescents, may trigger bullying behaviors. This study aimed to explore the potential pathways from traditional bullying victimization to becoming a bullying perpetrator and to compare the differences between traditional and cyberbullying perpetration. This study surveyed 1,113 high school students (871 girls, Mage = 16.85 ± 4.59) using the Bully/Victim Scale, Maladjustment Scale, Brief Self-Control Scale, and Cyberbullying Scale. Results indicated that (1) traditional bullying victimization positively correlated with bullying perpetration; (2) maladjustment mediated this relationship; (3) self-control moderated the relationship between traditional bullying victimization and traditional bullying perpetration, but not between traditional bullying victimization and cyberbullying perpetration. The study highlights the dangers of becoming a bullying victimizator, the importance of mitigating adolescent maladjustment and improving self-control, and the necessity of distinguishing between research on traditional and cyberbullying perpetration. These findings have important implications for preventing bullying among high school students.