Background: Stuttering can significantly impact an individual's quality of life and has the potential to affect social interactions, academic and career opportunities, and well-being. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play a crucial role in the treatment of stuttering across the lifespan. Aims: This systematic review aimed to describe (1) how competent SLPs perceive themselves to be in their management of stuttering and (2) the factors that influence SLPs' perceived competence in managing stuttering. Methods: A comprehensive search of eight electronic databases resulted in 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was completed on the extracted data. Main Contribution: Competence was perceived to be lower in treatment than in assessment. Perceived competence was higher in SLPs who saw people who stutter more frequently and engaged in more continuing professional education in stuttering. Factors affecting SLPs' perceived competence also included: the level of support to implement treatment, knowledge of stuttering, formal education in stuttering, years of experience as an SLP, experiences with stuttering, familiarity with people who stutter, previous treatment outcomes and the perceived complexity of stuttering. The available data were primarily focused on participants working in paediatric populations. Conclusions: The review revealed diversity in perceived competence when managing stuttering, influenced by factors related to SLPs' professional and personal experiences, the practice context and available evidence, with notable variation in competence across different settings and regions. Further research is required across the lifespan to better understand the relationships between factors and to guide future interventions for competence.