ERIC Number: EJ1471924
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2025
Pages: 38
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: N/A
EISSN: EISSN-2380-0860
Available Date: 0000-00-00
The Reality of Restorative: The Impact on Discipline Disparities in a Large Urban School District
Eboni Williams; Karen H. Larwin
Journal of Organizational and Educational Leadership, v10 n1 Article 4 2025
Disparities in exclusionary discipline rates persist for African American students, who often receive harsher punishments than their White peers, especially for subjective offenses. Implicit bias contributes to perceptions of African American children as older, less innocent, and more deserving of severe discipline (Gilliam et al., 2016; Lewis & Diamond, 2015; Welsh & Little, 2018). Excessive discipline correlates with negative long-term outcomes, including higher dropout rates and incarceration (Skiba et al., 2014). This study evaluates the impact of restorative justice in reducing these disparities in a large urban district. While general linear modeling indicated significant suspension rate changes for grades 9-12 students, no overall reduction in suspensions for African American students was observed.
Descriptors: Restorative Practices, Discipline, Disproportionate Representation, School Districts, Urban Schools, Racism, Suspension, Elementary School Students, Middle School Students, High School Students, Age Differences, African American Students, White Students, Hispanic American Students
School of Education at Gardner-Webb University. P.O. Box 7304, Bolling Springs, NC 28017. Tel: 704-406-4295; e-mail: library@gardner-webb.edu; Web site: http://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/joel/
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: High Schools; Secondary Education; Elementary Education; Junior High Schools; Middle Schools
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: Pennsylvania
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: N/A