This research provides an exploratory analysis of Afghan refugees educational challenges and opportunities in Tajikistan. The study consists of 21 long interviews with Afghan refugees, and 2 diplomats, each from the UNHCR and Embassy of the United States in Tajikistan. As a result of data analysis, three categories of challenges were identified to have impact on refugee education in Tajikistan: (1) economic restrictions, (2) linguistic differences, and (3) social challenges. Findings show socioeconomic, sociocultural, and sociopolitical problems facing Afghan refugees in Tajikistan. In addition to making a vital contribution to the scarce literature on Afghan refugees in Tajikistan, this study informs stakeholders about refugees' educational challenges and offers insight for directing improvement efforts.