With the development of big data technology, higher education is transitioning towards intelligence and ecology. University English teaching, constrained by traditional models, faces challenges such as unmet student needs, inefficient resource allocation, and insufficient teacher-student interaction. Big data, through data collection, real-time analysis, and precise feedback, offers an opportunity for teaching innovation. Based on ecological classroom theory, this paper proposes a path for constructing a university English ecological classroom, integrating the dynamic, systematic, and adaptive features of ecological classrooms to form a data-driven teaching model. The study shows that big data can optimize resource allocation, increase student engagement, and improve teaching interaction, providing new ideas for the ecological transformation of university English classrooms. Additionally, it offers important insights for teaching reforms and the application of big data in other disciplines.