The member institutions of the Association of Theological Schools share a legacy of collaboration. Recently, a renewed urgency for such partnerships has emerged. In this article, the collaborative tradition is revisited, longstanding approaches are scrutinized, and emerging models are explored. The historical motivations for collaboration--establishing credibility, geographic proximity, affinity, and resource optimization--are discussed, highlighting how these factors have shaped graduate theological education. Using a more recent framework and in-depth analysis of interviews with over 100 leaders and descriptions of over 200 collaborative endeavors, the authors identify nine catalysts and seven methods for collaboration and emphasize the need for adaptive, mission-centered approaches. The research further reveals that while financial sustainability is a universal concern and frequent driver of collaboration, few collaborative endeavors have been able to address this concern in a sustainable way. The findings suggest a shift that transcends technical fixes and recognizes schools are facing adaptive challenges.