Teacher job satisfaction is an important research element in teacher education and educational research. Based on data from the China Education Tracking Survey, this study analyzes the factors that influence the job satisfaction of 690 junior high school teachers and further constructs a prediction model. The study shows that gender, burnout, salary, management style, hardware facilities, and student quality are significantly related to teachers' job satisfaction. Among them, being female, having a satisfactory salary package, having a satisfactory school management style, and having high student quality are protective factors for enhancing teachers' job satisfaction. On the contrary, frequent burnout and average school hardware facilities are risk factors for decreasing teachers' job satisfaction. Thus, to improve teachers' job satisfaction, it is necessary to begin with the government, schools and teachers themselves to improve job satisfaction, enhance the quality of education and promote the long-term development of basic education.