This study explored and compared attitudes toward animals between primary school students and primary school prospective teachers, focusing on educational and cognitive influences. A cross-sectional survey of 100 primary school students and 102 primary school prospective teachers assessed animal behavior, animal attitudes, species conservation preferences, and general animal preferences. Data analysis revealed attitude similarities and differences. Primary school students often categorized animals as 'good' or 'bad', while prospective teachers displayed a more balanced understanding due to higher education. Both groups preferred killing non-appealing animals and showed a bias towards conservation of culturally positive animals. Regarding common fears, both groups showed similar inclinations, shaped by evolutionary and cultural factors. The results showed that, broadly, preferences and attitudes towards animals and animal conservation are already formed at the primary school stage, although some of these aspects seem to be modulated along students' education process. Therefore, findings highlight the need for educational interventions promoting positive attitudes towards all animals, with balanced narratives and enhanced training for prospective teachers. This study contributes to the broader understanding of environmental and sustainability education by highlighting the importance of early and higher education in shaping animal conservation attitudes.