This paper, somewhat an incomplete historical overview and personal perspective, outlines a number of key challenges and opportunities in relation to future directions and developments in information literacy (IL) as a field of research and professional practice. It gives attention to significant foundational (selective) scholarship in the field, identifies a number of challenges in relation to theoretical frameworks, research needs, determining outcomes and impacts, and pedagogical frameworks for IL instruction. It is posited that addressing these challenges can play a role in sustaining IL as a significant educational and social agenda.