The history of online learning at the K-12 level is almost as long as its history at the post-secondary level, with the first virtual school programs beginning in the early 1990s. While these opportunities were designed as a way to provide students with access to more specialized courses, as opportunities have become organized into virtual or cyber schools the nature of students served by these institutions have broadened. Unlike traditional learning in general, much less is known about virtual schooling, even less of which is based on systematic research. The purpose of this research is to examine the rationale, success, and critics of virtual schooling for students and teachers in America's education system. The seven articles presented will focus upon describing the evolution of K-12 online learning in the United States, how that evolution has impacted schools, what lessons can be learned from the experiences with K-12 online learning, the implications virtual schooling has on students and teachers regarding training and challenges, and effective strategies for implementing instruction and learning.