This study examined the direct and indirect relationships among resilience, its individual-level protective factors (i.e., courage and self-compassion), and its positive outcomes (i.e., prosocial behavior tendencies) in a sample of adolescents from low socioeconomic backgrounds in Türkiye (Turkey). Quantitative data were collected through surveys from 1030 adolescents across seven Anatolian High Schools, which were selected using cluster sampling. A path analysis, which is a specific form of structural equation modeling, was used to test the proposed model and investigate the direct and indirect relationships. Results revealed positive associations between courage, self-compassion, and resilience. Resilience was positively linked with all subscales of prosocial behavior tendencies. Moreover, courage demonstrated both direct associations with self-compassion and indirect associations with prosocial behavior tendencies through self-compassion and resilience. Unexpectedly, self-compassion was negatively linked to all subscales of prosocial behavior tendencies. These findings demonstrated that the interplay among resilience, its predictors, and outcomes is complex and not always straightforward.