Early childhood education (ECE) is a crucial component of a child's development, laying the foundation for lifelong learning, well-being and success. This paper aims to shed light on the evolution of ECE development in China over the years, focusing on how various policies and reforms have influenced its trajectory. This study examines the context and progression of ECE in China through a comprehensive review of the literature and an analysis of online policy documents. The qualitative methodology of Bowen (2009) has been employed for documentary analysis, allowing for an in-depth exploration of the country's historical context, policy developments and current state of ECE. The historical analysis reveals the significant milestones in China's ECE development, highlighting governmental priorities and educational philosophies shifts over different periods. Policy developments are scrutinised to understand their impact on the accessibility, quality and inclusiveness of ECE. Despite advancements in ECE over the years, the study acknowledges the challenges and limitations of implementing ECE policies. Issues such as regional disparities, resource allocation and the need for professional development for educators are identified as ongoing obstacles. The study emphasises that while key policies have significantly shaped the landscape of ECE, effective implementation requires addressing these multifaceted challenges. In conclusion, the paper underscores the importance of greater collaboration between the government, educators, parents and communities to create a more inclusive and responsive ECE system. Such collaboration is essential for addressing the complex challenges facing ECE and ensuring that all children, regardless of socioeconomic background, have access to high-quality early education. The findings suggest that a holistic approach, integrating health, education and social policies, is vital for the sustainable development of ECE in China.