Background/purpose: Although mathematical representation ability is a significant ability and an interesting topic to study, quite a few researchers have studied this ability, and even fewer have examined it through the implementation of epistemic learning patterns based on problem-solving. In fact, this learning pattern is epistemic and makes problems the core situation for students in constructing concepts or solutions. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize students' mathematical representation abilities through the implementation of this learning pattern. Materials/methods: This study employed a didactical research design to achieve the research objectives. Participants were 56 prospective mathematics teachers and pharmacists (14 men and 42 women) aged between 20 and 24 years. The main instrument was the researcher, with several additional instruments, such as lecture design, mathematical representation ability forms, and documentation studies. Data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods. Results: The results of the study revealed that all prospective teacher participants used verbal representation forms, and most others used symbolic and verbal representation forms when solving problems. All prospective pharmacist participants did not use visual representation forms but used symbolic and verbal representation forms when solving mathematical problems. This finding depended on the form of the task given. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that problem-solving-based epistemic learning patterns could be used during lectures to optimize students' mathematical representation abilities, noting that the form of the assignment should be designed in a way that facilitates visual representation.