This paper consists of a systematic review of the literature on ChatGPT's application in science education, drawing from studies conducted between January and September 2023, examining the current landscape, challenges, and implications of integrating ChatGPT into science classrooms. Analysis revealed a predominant emphasis on physics and chemistry education, primarily in Europe and the United States, signaling the need for broader exploration across diverse scientific disciplines and geographical regions, particularly in Asia. While studies found that ChatGPT demonstrated proficiency in writing tasks, its grasp of scientific concepts remained limited, offering opportunities for users to develop their critical thinking skills by evaluating and analyzing its responses. Ethical considerations, including plagiarism detection and attribution, emerged as crucial areas for attention, necessitating clear guidelines and awareness initiatives for teachers and students. This paper informs educators and policymakers about the potential benefits and challenges associated with incorporating AI technologies like ChatGPT into science classrooms.