In this paper, we aim to understand how perceptions of adult learning and continued vocational education and training (CVET) are related to participation in these activities. Specifically, participation within the previous 12 months in different kinds of adult learning and CVET is analysed, distinguishing between (1) formal, (2) non-formal work-related, (3) non-formal non-work-related, and (4) informal learning and CVET of adults. Using novel survey data from the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop), the probability of participation in adult learning and CVET is estimated by means of linear and logistic regression models. Results show a highly significant positive relationship between perceptions and participation. If adult learning and CVET are perceived as important, the likelihood to participate in them increases. We also find evidence that age, education and occupational category can be associated with different participation rates in adult learning and CVET.