ERIC Number: EJ1432460
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2017-Sep
Pages: 7
Abstractor: ERIC
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0013-8274
EISSN: EISSN-2161-8895
Available Date: N/A
Saying What We Don't Mean
Barry Gilmore
English Journal, v107 n1 p19-25 2017
The Bechdel test, the author's student Marley explained, is named for the US graphic novelist and cartoonist Alison Bechdel. To pass the test, a work of fiction must contain at least one scene in which two or more women (preferably named characters) discuss something other than a male. Students who read from the canon of works regularly encounter historical examples of bias in the fiction they read; the author suspects that many teachers consider the bias of authors' voices in the texts they teach. Bias that presents itself clearly or that is front and center in a work is worthy of -- and frequently prompts -- discussion and opportunities for reflection in English classes. Certainly much can be made of the problem explicit bias presents for students who do not see themselves reflected in what they read, but just as important is the danger of presenting other readers "only" with characters who look or speak like they do. Explicit bias presents a challenge to every teacher of reading. An identity chart is a common and simple way to bring both explicit and implicit differences to the surface. One of the author's favorite discussion techniques is the fishbowl strategy, in which three to five students sit in a small circle in the center of the room while the rest of the class sits in an outer circle and takes notes. Maybe the simplest organizer for considering implicit bias is a Venn diagram. It does not necessarily lie within a teacher's power to expose each individual's implicit biases, nor would teachers want that power, but it is within their power and responsibility to offer every student an opportunity to recognize implicit bias, both in his or her own reading life and in the literature teachers bring to school, and thus to make the implicit explicit.
Descriptors: High School Teachers, Language Arts, Reading Teachers, Adolescent Literature, Inferences, Bias, Discussion (Teaching Technique), Fiction, Literary Devices, Sex Fairness, Disproportionate Representation, Gender Issues, Student Attitudes, Teaching Methods, Reader Text Relationship, Reading Material Selection, Teacher Role
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Education Level: High Schools; Secondary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: N/A