The success of the learning process greatly depends on the smooth functioning of its components. This study aims to shed light on the challenges faced by elementary school teachers when implementing teaching materials in the Indonesian language learning process. The research employs a descriptive design by utilizing quantitative methods, questionnaires as the research instruments. The questionnaires used are teacher challenges (14 items) and proficiencies questionnaires (13 items) on a Likert scale, which was presented using Google Forms and distributed through WhatsApp groups. The sample comprised 94 respondents, elementary school teachers from many regions in Sumatra, Indonesia. According to the research findings, it can be deduced that elementary school teachers encounter various difficulties when teaching Indonesian language. These challenges encompass the impact of the local or mother tongue on the learning process and the complexities associated with dynamic language development. Moreover, the study employed factor analysis to pinpoint four specific areas that teachers can enhance, as they significantly improve the obstacles they face. These factors consist of ensuring adequate learning resources, enabling teachers to develop teaching materials that align with the existing curriculum, enabling teachers to design teaching materials based on students' characteristics, and fostering the ability of teachers to establish a positive and captivating learning environment.