A problem-based learning activity focusing on the human impact on the environment and the importance of sustainable development is presented. The activity revolves around a mysterious island where the civilization is on the blink of extinction, prompting students to investigate how human behavior, ecosystems, resources, and natural balance contributed to this predicament. Designed for middle school grades, the activity aligns with the Common Core State Standards and the NGSS. It covers 10 chapters, corresponding to 10 lessons. Students collaborate in groups, assuming the roles of scientist, to gather and share information, and interpret scientific data and graphs. Teachers can utilize this presented activity in their classroom to introduce core ideas of Earth and Human Activity while simultaneously enhancing students' engagement, awareness, and problem solving skills regarding sustainability and environmental concerns. The implementation of the activity and suggestions for improvement were also discussed, ensuring its effectiveness in fostering critical thinking and environmental literacy among students.