Literacy builds a foundation for further learning and necessitates human capital development that creates a knowledge economy. A clear focus on literacy policies is fundamental in achieving national and international socio-economic targets. In Tanzania, adult literacy growth has been slow, inconsistent, and characterized by regional gaps. A review of policies and practices has revealed several constraints associated with budget allocation and cultural perspectives. We suggest to the governments in the whole developing world to prioritize consistent funding and formulating culture-sensitive policies in ensuring mass literacy, poverty reduction, creation of high productive personnel, and eventually achieve the UNESCO's Agenda 2030