The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques in social work has increased over the last two decades. We therefore conducted a systematic review to understand the extent to which SEM is utilized in social work research, given that statistical training is now becoming a part of social work doctoral education. For our review, we utilized the PRISMA method and relied on the Web of Knowledge database. Social work articles published between March 2012 to December 2017 were included in the review. In total, we included 466 studies using SEM methods that were published across 44 social work journals. To our knowledge, this is the most up-to-date review that summarizes the extent to which research published in journals of social work utilizes SEM. Owing to the strengths of SEM over standard regression methods, its increased use demonstrates advanced application of data analysis methods in the dissemination of social work research. Further implications for social work research and education are discussed. Specifically, we discuss the role of social work doctoral programs in equipping students to efficiently utilize SEM techniques in research.