Universities are increasingly expected to produce scientifically robust research that has the propensity to deliver societal benefits. However, disconnect between the production of research in universities and its real-world application is apparent in Africa. Knowledge translation (KT) unlocks the potential of academic research to yield the widest possible benefits to society. We explored the supports and barriers to KT in a single case study of Makerere University using semi-structured interviews with administrators and academic researchers. We corroborated interview data with documents review. Thematic analysis of data revealed comprehensive strategic intent to foster KT through system innovation and system optimization at the institutional level. But, at the disciplinary units, strategy aspirations were out of alignment with actual practice. The traditional linear logic of knowledge transfer remained the defining concept. The nature of research funding, the reward and recognition system, work structure, and weak linkage mechanisms impeded KT endeavours. We conclude that the state of KT at the university was nascent, but core enabling conditions have to be established in the university before KT can take a foothold. We compiled the set of fundamental conditions into a framework of KT enablers that could feed into the future strategic direction of universities in Africa.