Well-crafted rubrics create a shared language that lets teachers and students work together. Rubrics are typically used to judge the level of students' understanding and skills or quality of a product. High-quality rubrics can also give students and teachers feedback to improve teaching and learning. Authors define "effective" feedback and show how different types of rubrics can be used (including by students) to shed light on where students are in their learning and what they should do next to improve.