Objective: Bedtime procrastination is a type of unhealthy sleep behavior, but whether it affects sleep quality remains unknown. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between bedtime procrastination and poor sleep quality among Chinese college students. Participants: A total of 1550 Chinese undergraduates participated and effectively completed the study. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected information on bedtime procrastination and self-reported sleep quality via the Bedtime Procrastination Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 39.42% among Chinese undergraduates. Age, education, and bedtime procrastination independently predicted the prevalence of poor sleep quality. Bedtime procrastination was a unique contributor to the severity of poor sleep quality. Conclusions: This study highlighted the independent associations between bedtime procrastination and the prevalence and severity of self-reported poor sleep quality. These findings may be helpful in designing effective measures to improve the sleep quality of college students.