This literature review focuses on barriers higher education instructors experience while teaching online. A search for literature published between 2010 and 2020 and the application of exclusion and inclusion criteria resulted in 20 articles that underwent thematic analysis. Online instructor barriers with online teaching were identified and categorized as initial barriers and ongoing barriers: (a) barriers to getting started, (b) barriers to knowing students individually, (c) barriers to supporting community and student learning, (d) barriers to managing time and workload, and (e) barriers to achieving professional success. This review revealed that online instructors' initial barriers with online teaching can be mitigated by institutional maturity; however, ongoing barriers require more institutional investment.