The requirements of modern society for the training of highly qualified and personally effective specialists who can quickly adapt to changing conditions and successfully carry out their professional activities are on the increase. The purpose of our work was the development of the personal self-efficacy of students at universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the modern conditions of the development of society. The research collected data using an experiment. The experimental study was carried out in higher educational institutions -- and the experiment involved 280 students: 140 -- in the experimental group, 140 -- in the control group. The results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed concept of developing students' self-efficacy. Developed and experimentally tested psychological conditions for the development of personal self-efficacy of university students can be widely used in higher education institutions.