As a result of the economic and social changes that have taken place in recent decades, the role of women in the workplace has changed significantly. The entry of women into traditionally masculine positions has supposed a dramatic cultural change (Inglehart & Baker, 2000). The present research aims to explore how gender influenced the female school principals participating in the study in addition to studying the main milestones and challenges they faced in constructing a school leadership identity. Due to the peculiarities of the Spanish context, it is of great importance to explore the gender gap that exists in school management and how school principals deal with this situation. In this article, the authors provide a brief overview of international research on the field of leadership, gender, and school management. Subsequently, the scientific literature at the Spanish level showing the situation involving female principals is reviewed. After presenting the methodological design for the study, the authors then describe the narratives of the participants and conclude with a series of recommendations for future research.