University student networks are recognised to be linked with student performance. Yet, no literature review seems to address student networks together with student learning or achievement. This paper focuses on the quantitative studies conducted since 2000 that relate to this issue. This literature review highlights five research domains: (1) the links between student and peer performance within face-to-face networks; (2) the effects of networks' components (e.g., centrality) on student learning and achievement within face-to-face networks; (3) the impacts of online social network use on student performance; (4) the effects of social presence and of interactions within e-learning; and (5) the effects of e-learning networks components. This literature review underlines inconsistent findings within each of these research domains. This paper leads to a discussion on the methodological issues that might explain these inconsistencies and to research questions still to be covered when studying student networks in relation with education outcomes.