This work aims to determine the relationship between the emotional development variables and later adaptation in society for preschoolers living in Omdurman, Sudan. The secondary objective is to study the socio-emotional problems the 4-year-old boys and girls coming from families with different structure deal with. The article is based on a study that involved 300 children aged 4-5 years, attending Omdurman twon kindergartens. The children's emotion knowledge was measured through the Emotion Matching Task and the social competence was measured using the shortened version of the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation scale, introduced by LaFreniere. The research results may be utilized for the creation of emotional development programmes for Sudan kindergartens. These findings allow preventing the development of abnormal behavioural tendencies, which are linked to the emotional intelligence, social adaptation, and anxiety in preschoolers.