Background: Personal characteristics of troubled adolescents are affected by psychological deprivation, which contributes to the manifestation of deviant and delinquent behavior in individuals. Aim: This study comprehensively examines structural units of self-consciousness, higher mental functions, and the emotional sphere of troubled adolescents (girls and boys) in residential care as well as develops a program for their psychological support. Methods and Results: The results of the biographical method, observation, and psychological testing with the VI.ZI.ES Alpha test produced generalized psychological profiles of the adolescents. The methodology "Phenomenology of a Person's Development and Being" underpinned development of their higher mental functions and structural units of self-consciousness. The obtained data formed the basis for a psychological support program for the personal development of troubled adolescents, with both traditional (discussions, trainings) and innovative (initiation, reflection) methods included. Conclusion: The psychological support program allows educational psychologists to correct adolescents' deviant and delinquent behavior.