Teacher training is a key element of any quality education system. In the field of mathematics education, identifying the factors that determine positive attitudes towards the teaching of this discipline in the context of initial teacher training is an inherent challenge. This work approaches the issue from a multivariate point of view through a model based on structural equations, in which beliefs, emotions and attitudes towards mathematics are intertwined in explaining their enjoyment of teaching. The results show us that anxiety is a factor with a significant influence over the other components of the mathematical affective domain, and that it is through this influence that it acts on the enjoyment of teaching mathematics.