Teaching students per their aptitude and individualized training is the focus of the world's attention, and it is also one of the eight major concepts of Chinese education. Based on the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index database, this paper systematically analyzed the concept and connotation of personalized learning in China. Meanwhile, it reviewed the progress of its theoretical research and various support technologies including learning analysis technology, personalized recommendation technology, personalized learning path planning, personalized learning system and environment. We further reviewed the characteristics and key points of China's personalized learning theory research from the perspective of theory, practical application and technological development, and then analyzed the development trend of personalized learning in the era of artificial intelligence.