Teaching anxiety is a significant affective state that may profoundly affect both the learning and teaching processes. However, there is no conclusive evidence regarding the sources and effects of teaching anxiety in an educational context. The study adopted a research design utilizing a systematic review methodology. This systematic review aims to present an overview of the current literature on teaching anxiety and explore the variables related to teaching anxiety in terms of its causes and effects. In the study, 108 papers were reviewed analyzed by listing the journals, searching the research papers, screening, analyzing, and reviewing. The study concluded that teaching anxiety was directly related to affective states, while the relationship between teaching anxiety levels and demographic variables was not clear. Another conclusion was that teaching experience, content knowledge, and instruction effectively decrease the levels of teaching anxiety. The results also showed that teachers' and students' characteristics, teaching strategies, time and classroom management, planning, school climate, and the use of technology had considerable effects on teaching anxiety.