Background: We assessed whether self-descriptions, self-perceptions, perceived substance use of friends, and actual substance use were associated with high school girls' frequency of making social comparisons to peers. Methods: We analyzed data from the Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Survey data for 357 high school girls using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Compared to those who "never/rarely" made social comparisons, participants who self-described as fearing something constantly (p = 0.014) and forced to imitate the people they like (p = 0.009) were more likely to "usually" compare themselves to peers. Participants who described themselves as feeling forced to imitate the people they like (p = 0.022), were not the person they would like to be (p = 0.005), and did not remain calm under pressure (p = 0.010), were more likely to "often/always" make social comparisons. Participants who perceived themselves as unattractive (p = 0.034) and self-centered (p = 0.016) were more likely to "often/always" make social comparisons. Participants who perceived a larger proportion of friends use illicit drugs were less likely to "usually" make social comparisons (p = 0.027). Participants who perceived a larger proportion of friends drink alcohol were more likely to "often/always" make social comparisons (p = 0.018). Conclusions: Girls who perceive and describe themselves more negatively are at increased odds of making social comparisons to peers.