Both critical thinking and creative thinking have been essential in building and reshaping human civilization and intellectual landscapes. Teaching aims to educate and train students to become competent, creative, and critical thinkers. An overarching educational goal is that students should be able to collect and analyze data, build knowledge, acquire skills, and find possible solutions or an optimal solution to problems at hand with critical eyes and open-mindedness. Historic examples illustrate a long history of cross-pollination between the scientific and artistic worlds. There is a crossroads: of reality, virtual reality, and the science-fiction world. This new reality begs the question of how to better integrate creative and critical thinking in science education to enhance student learning. This paper looks at the function and importance of creative thinking and critical thinking in science learning in general and geoscience education in particular.