Improving the poor's overall quality through education and promoting local economic development and social progress is an important way for China to alleviate poverty. At present, China has formed a policy system of poverty alleviation by education with its characteristics and has achieved remarkable results. This article first elaborates the definition and impact of poverty alleviation by education, and then through the use of literature review and other research methods, it combs the policies of China's poverty alleviation by education in different historical periods. The aim is to summarize China's poverty alleviation by education, analyze possible policy problems, and finally make constructive suggestions for its future development.